An online learning space for "Culture Making in the Empire," a 2013 interim course at Calvin College taught by Rob and Kirstin Vander Giessen-Reitsma. Content from previous versions of the course are also archived here.
24 January 2010
Cultural Artifact: Rage Against the Machine
-Take the Power Back
The present curriculum
I put my fist in 'em
Eurocentric every last one of 'em
See right through the red, white and blue disguise
With lecture I puncture the structure of lies
Installed in our minds and attempting
To hold us back We've got to take it back
Holes in our spirit causin' tears and fears
One-sided stories for years and years and years
I'm inferior? Who's inferior?
Yeah, we need to check the interior
Of the system that cares about only one culture
And that is why We gotta take the power back
Yeah, we gotta take the power back Come on, come on!
We gotta take the power back
-Know Your Enemy
What? The land of the free?
Whoever told you that is your enemy?
Now something must be done
About vengeance, a badge and a gun '
Cause I'll rip the mike, rip the stage, rip the system
I was born to rage against 'em
-Township Rebellion
Rebel, rebel and yell
'Cause our people still dwell in hell
Locked in a cell
Yes, the structure's a cell
Mad is the story I tell
How long can we wait?
Come on, seein' what's at stake
Action for reaction
If your mind's in a somewhat complacent state
Get a check up This is a stick up
Our freedom or your life
Lord, I wish I could be peacful
But there can be no sequel
Now freedom must be fundamental
In Johannesburg or South Central
On the mic, 'cause someone should tell 'em
To kick in the township rebellion
Yeah, what about that, sucker?
Yeah, so you thought you could get with the hardlines
That fill your mind
Thoughts, battles fought
And lessons taught
Yes I'll display the fitness
And flip like a gymnast
Raise my fist and resist
Asleep, though we stand in the midst
Of a war
Gotta get mine
Gotta get more
Keepin' the mic warm against the norm '
Cause what does it offer me?
I think often it's nothin' but a coffin
Gotta get wreck
Till our necks never swing on a rope
From here to the cape of no hope
Now freedom must be fundamental
In Johannesburg or South Central
On the mic, 'cause someone should tell 'em
To kick in the township rebellion
Why stand on a silent platform?
Fight the War, F**k the norm
All of these lyrics are very apocalyptic in the sense that they cry out against the empire. They encourage people to break out of the systems that hold us captive and limit our imaginations. While Rage might be more angry and violent then we are supposed to be as Christians I think this is art that most Christians have dismissed as completely evil instead of listening to the prophetic message that this music carries. This album carries a message that transcends time and speaks to us today with the same vigor that it did in ’92. It is only appropriate that the final scene of The Matrix would include “Wake Up” by Rage.
1) Did what you read about Rage Against the Machine surprise you based on what you had heard about them from Christian people and organizations?
2) Why do you think the church is so scared of this kind of music?
3) Why do we have to go to anarchist violent radicals to hear this kind of message instead of the church?
They're Only Chasing Safety
It's 3:30 am and I'm feeling a bit emotional pressed so I'm writing on this computer screen hoping that somewhere someone is needing something. I'm listening to the new Mogwai record in an almost pitch black front lounge in Chicago. What a night. Sometimes life seems to throw you curve balls for no other reason than watching you hurt. A flawed people medicating a flawed people...resolution is unreachable. I watched "W" today. It's cast and acting was a mediocre attempt at being a worthwhile performance, but the content overshadowed any flaws in casting/directing. It is just the thousandth piece to the puzzle of our corrupt government, and it's doings therein. So many times Christians naturally move toward to the conservative candidate due to pro-life issues with abortion, while they ignore the utter disregard for life already being lived out on earth. Is standing up for unborn children enough to negate the disregard for human life already in motion pertaining to the acts of war and sacrifice? Misplaced energy seems to be a re-occurring theme in our society as of late. We're based on hard lined inconsistency and selective conscience. The left and right are far off the mark at this point, but a line must be drawn somewhere. Secondly, Humanity is meant to self destruct itself, im sure of it. We are born to be children of purpose and hope, yet we are filled with lies and sow destruction at every turn. We have no regard for others, just selfish gain on all accounts. What a waste my life has been, so many days of this last quarter century....the only thing bringing any validity is God's grace and purpose. I feel that if there were some way to tally up my days of purpose against my days of neglect, they would be out numbered 100/1. We spend our days sneaking and lying through sleepless patches of existence. We are going to hurt and be hurt. God is the only thing worth living for. I see this clearly at such random points in life. I know it's truth, but only at the most desperate points do I see it so beautifully and clearly. I've given up on this life, but the future is bright. We just have to do our best to push through and seek God in all things until it's time to move on. God's mercy on us all.
-Tim McTague, Underoath
Brother Ali's Forest Whitaker
Forest Whitiker Lyrics
And yo whatever comes up comes out
We don't put our hands over our mouth
And whatever comes up comes out
We don't put our hands over our mouth
Whatever comes up comes out
Please mister bass-man lay it on me
Ayo, Dependin on the day, and dependin on what I ate
I'm anywhere from 20 to 35 pounds over weight
I got red eyes and one of them's lazy
And they both squint when the sun shines so I look crazy
I'm albino man, I know I'm pink and pale
And I'm hairy as hell, everywhere but fingernails
I shave a cranium that ain't quite shaped right
Face tight, shiny, I stay up and write late nights
My wardrobe is jeans and faded shirts
A mixture of what I like, and what I wear to work
I'm not mean and got a neck full of razor bumps
I'm not the classic profile of what the ladies want
You might think I'm depressed as can be
But when I look in the mirror I see sexy ass me
And if that's somethin that you can't respect then that's peace
My life's better without you actually
To everyone out there, who's a little different
I say damn a magazine, these are gods fingerprints
You can call me ugly but can't take nothing from me
I am what I am doctor you ain't gotta love me
[Spoken]
If you would please turn in your bible
To beauty tips according to Forest Whitiker
In the third chapter of the third line
Brother Ali would you please read to the choir for me son
[Sung 3X]
I'ma be all right, you ain't gotta be my friend tonight (you ain't gotta love me)
An I'ma be okay, you would probably bore me anyway (you ain't gotta love me)
Forest Whitiker y'all
I decided to use a song written by Brother Ali, an Islamic hip hop artist out of Minneapolis Minnesota. Brother Ali's "Forest Whitaker" can be found on his album, Shadows on the Sun."The Brother" uses a linguistic technique that battles the mainstream hip hop/rap industry. I feel the most commonly heard hip hop on the radio or at a dance is rooted in the empire. Most mainstream hip hop suggests the key to happiness looking a certain way (along with other shallow requirements such as having money and getting high). The empire is constantly sending messages to people of all ages and races that to be cool, and to be you, you're going to have to buy item A, B, and C. Now, this messages seems to contradict itself. I mean, if you want to be you, why would you dress in accordance to what someone else is telling you. If you want to be a preppy private school girl who's always styling, you are supposed to wear popped collars, have a tan in February, and weigh just over 100 lbs. If you want to be a tough gang-banger lookalike, you need to have a NY Yankees flat bill, fresh Nikes, and baggy jeans. If you want to rebel to mainstream fashion because you no longer care, you need to wear tight girl jeans (whether or not your a girl), a black shirt, and die your hair black. I'm flat out tired of society telling me how to be me. "Forest Whitaker" proclaims that just because your not beautiful by society's standards, or you don't wear the right clothes doesn't mean your not actually beautiful, or that you don't wear the right clothes. When I hear this song I ask myself, "Who decides who's beautiful? Or, who decides what the right clothes are?" And now I know, the empire. But, how can the empire know what I think is beautiful, or what I think is cool? It doesn't know. It seeks to know for me. The empire tries to pervert what I value by throwing me into a giant melting pot where all individualism is lost. My favorite line is, "To everyone out there, who's a little different, I say damn a magazine, these are gods fingerprints." This line reveals the truth about human purpose by declaring beauty is not found on the front of a magazine, but rather everything is beautiful because it was created by god. Our purpose is to live in the Kingdom, and allowing the empire to distract us with what our physical appearance "should be" is not living in the Kingdom. "The Brother" is not the picture perfect image of what we think of as beautiful, or rather "Hot," but this doesn't faze him. He sees his differences as beauty created by god.
Dicsussion Questions:
1)Where do you see beauty in life? And if this intoxicating beauty can be found in the first few pages of "People" magazine do you think some things should be reaccessed?
2)Why do we get so caught up with our physical appearance? Imagine all the stress that could be prevented if our self-image was not held at the high regard that empire holds it at.
3)How are you physically different? How can you celebrate "gods fingerprints" as beautiful?
"I Am A Rock"--Simon and Garfunkel
Grand Torino
Mall Post
The Screwtape Letters
The Screwtape Letters show how the devil works in a slow-placed manner. He uses ordinary things and everyday life to try and slowly tempt the new Christian to reverse his ways. Screwtape focuses on greed and selfishness, as does the Empire. The Empire tries to fool us into thinking we should only care about ourselves and that we are our main priority. In the book, Screwtape says, “Never having been a human (Oh that abominable advantage of the Enemy's) you don't realize how enslaved they are to the pressure of the ordinary.” The Empire can make us feel trapped by the average pace of life, that can never be broken. But the Kingdom says that this can be broken and we can live the life that we may feel is impossible. As I continued to read, I found it interesting that Screwtape said that they need to conceal themselves. This reminded me of a quote from the movie, The Usual Suspects. It says, “The greatest trick the devil ever pulled was convincing the world he didn't exist.” This makes it easier for him to find his way into unsuspecting people and it is easier to convert them to the ways of the Empire. Materialism, consumerism and selfishness are important in the Empire and not knowing there is a way out to the Kingdom of God. Screwtape and the other demons live in a world like the empire. But the Kingdom of God is the opposite, or the upside kingdom.
At the end of McLean's lecture, he was asked by an audience member what the best way to engage kids and teens to Christianity and to the Bible. He said the best way was for kids and teens to read the Gospel. This also is important because it makes it easier to defeat the devil and the Empire.
Why does Lewis write from the devil's perspective? What do you think happens to Wormwood at the end after his patient's soul his given to the Enemy?
Webkinz
Webkinz is the current popular trend of stuffed animals that is sweeping across the world. If you don't know what Webkinz are, just think of Beanies Babies with an online counterpart. Once you buy a Webkinz (prices ranges depending on the size you get), you go onto the online website to enter the secret code, which is featured on the tag, to get a chance to enter the mystical online world of Webkinz. In this world, you get to play with your pet(s) with online games, activities, chatting, and play in your own "house", do jobs, and many more. It's almost like a community!
I chose Webkinz for this journal post because of the documentary we watched in class last Monday where they had a section of how the children’s whining is like the company's gain. Even though Webkinz doesn't advertise on television, Webkinz get most of their sales due to word of mouth. One example I can think of this kind of advertising is with my sister. My sisteleer would bring in one of her Webkinz to school to show it to her friends. In turn, her friends would go home and whine/beg that they need a Webkinz in order to be cool or play with my sister. (I have to say, my sister has a pure talent at whining because every time she begs or whines for a Webkinz, my mom gives in and she gets one.)
But how does Webkinz fit in the struggle between the Empire vs. the Kingdom? Webkinz, like all other toys, have kind of confused the wants, desires, and needs of children. Like the documentary said, companies are targeting children at a young age in order to have their wants and needs be solely on the Empire/the companies. For example, the Empire would play on my sister's feelings of security, friendship, and the world of her imagination to make her want to buy these stuffed animals. We, as Christians, see this wrong because our wants, desires, and needs should be direct towards God. And it's especially keen for a child to know this concept because they are at the age that they are still learning about what is the fine line between right and wrong. One solution that we can combat this issue with is teaching our children at an early age what is they real needs, desires, and wants.
(I will admit that I am victim of Webkinz as I own thirteen. While, my sister owns over sixty (but I lost count a while ago). But, I am not obsessed like my sister because I mainly play the games to de-stress from studying and communicate/play with my sister and my cousins, who are many miles away. There is some good from the outcomes of the Empire.)
Discussion Questions:
1) What are some ways that the Christian community can do for children to combat the globalization of the Empire?
2) What are some reasons that God uses things like Webkinz in order to teach children about things like the fine ling between right and wrong?
-- Amy Braun
"The Office"
Meghan Murphy Blog 2
Many of the songs are about a girl, more specifically love. These songs vary between sex, breaking up, beginning a relationship, and eloping. Relationships and love are gifts form God. I believe when 2 people love each other, it is a reflection of God and His love for human beings. In fact, there are many allusions to God in many of their songs. If you find yourself caught in love is a song about thanking God, or in this case "the man above." One stanza reads: "If you find yourself caught in love say a prayer to the man above But If you don’t listen to the voices then my friend You’ll soon run out of choices What a pity it would be You talk of freedom don’t you see The only freedom that you’ll ever really know Is written in books from long ago Give up your will to Him that loves you Things will change, I’m not saying overnight You’ve gotta start somewhere." I've never really paid much attention to these lyrics and what they were really speaking about. It wasn't until today when I read the lyrics online and really thought about how this song really reflects both the empire and the kingdom. It's saying that love should be cherished, it's a beautiful and rare gift, and for this thank God. The song appears to be suggesting that human beings are incomplete without love. Being single is not a coveted or good thing ("if you're single and looking out, you must raise your prayer to a shout.") I believe this is true to our society today. People are constantly in search of something to complete them. Whether it's money, or in this case love, something becomes an idol in their life. God is love, and created human beings to love one another. However, we must first love Him and not put anything in place of our relationship with Him, including another a person.
I still cannot get over the previous stanza. I found myself quite surprised when I read those lyrics, mostly because this isn't a "Christian band," yet I feel like they really have an understanding on salvation and God's love, and what life is about. Being thankful, cherishing love, and finding freedom through God. Just by a "secular" band which references drugs singing about reconciliation and love through God is pretty kingdom-like and stepping outside of the empire. Whether that was the purpose of the song or what the band truly believes, I don't know, but either way it does attribute to the kingdom of God.
Questions:
Do you think it is odd when God is mentioned in "secular" songs today? Should we think it is so odd? Why do you believe these artists do so? What does that say of music, the music industry, and the empire?
Do you think music has an effect on your spiritual growth whether it's Christian or non-Christian?
Muse - the resistance
Muse's epic new album 'the resistance' is one of the band's best to date. It has some hard hitting rock songs, but also very strong classical symphonic influences. On the song "Unnatural selection", Muse talk about the injustice in the world inherent in our class structured society where the rich have far more say than do the poor, ending in a demand for truth and justice.
I am hungry for some unrest,
Let's push this beyond a peaceful protest,
I wanna speak in a language that you will understand
They'll laugh as they watch us crawl,
The lucky don't share at all,
No hope for fate, it's a random chance selection,
I want the truth
Try to ride out the storm,
Whilst they'll make you believe, that they are the special ones, (we have not been chosen),
Injustice is the norm,
You are not the first and you know you won't be the last
Counter balance this commotion,
We're not droplets in the ocean
Ocean
They'll laugh as they watch us fall,
The lucky don't care at all,
No hope for fate,
It's unnatural selection
I want the truth, I want the truth,
I want the truth! I want the truth!
Aren't Muse just as or more 'christian' through their actions and lyrics than many self-labeled christian bands? Is it necessary to even have Christian music be its own genre? Is it a good thing?
Can God use people who may not be professing Christians to carry out his will? Are actions just as important as doctrines?
John Mayer: Continuum
John Mayer released his third album, Continuum, in September of 2006. This album included his nation-wide hits such as “Waiting On the World to Change”, “Belief”, and “Gravity”. This album was thought to be more deep and “blues-like” unlike his other pop-rock style albums. Mayer showed his fans in Continuum that he views the world with unblinking clarity. His songs included in this album are instantly accessible and memorable, which influences listeners such as myself to thoroughly enjoy his work. Each song gives off a certain vibe and sends the fans a message through his lyrics. His major hit, “Waiting On the World to Change” deals with his exploration of political inaction of his generation that rings true. “Stop This Train” explores the topic of fear and death and finding wisdom within one’s self at a certain age. One other piece of work, “Gravity”, gives us a view on the concerns of self-destructive thought. It is easy to say that John Mayer’s album, Continuum is an album that speaks to people at different intensities. I can compare this album to the lecture of Ken Heffner we listened to in class on January 11. Throughout Ken’s speech about art and what art makes possible for us, he emphasized that we are always searching for artists who have the ability to hit the nail right on the head. In my opinion, John Mayer is one of the few artists in the music industry these days that has the ability to speak through people. People all of the country turn to music when it comes to expressing feelings in a stronger way rather than just words or phrases. Ken Heffner said that, “music and phrases can be stretched out and make a stronger point that a normal statement being spoken.” I completely agree with that statement. For example, in the song “Belief”, John Mayer sings, “Belief is a beautiful armor, it leads for the heaviest sword”. Those words were stated in a “story-telling way” that leaves us listeners to feel and understand his feelings to the fullest. Although most of his words comfort us by being able to relate issues we have in our lives to his lyrics, in some ways music can give us a negative impact. For example, in Heffner’s lecture he discussed the views girls have on the song written by John Mayer, “Your Body is Wonderland”. He talked about how this track makes his fans, mostly females, think “he gets it, he understands.” Sin reveals itself by changing our third or fourth priorities, and making them first. Music is completely capable of doing this, especially the lyrics that are written by artists such as John Mayer. In my own personal opinion, I believe that Continuum is an album that is able to reveal life in the Kingdom of God. John Mayer’s music reveals and exposes us to the truth in impacting ways.
- Have you ever listened to a song or a poem that spoke through you and you realized, “Wow, this is exactly how I feel!”? Why do you think music has such influence on people who feel like this?
hg Do you believe that artists like John Mayer reveal life more through the Empire or more through the Kingdom of God?
-
Cannons-Phil Wickham
The album entitled, “Cannons” by Phil Wickham has inspired me to pursue the art of writing music and lyrics that touch and resonate with the very soul of the human being. Wickham’s opening song “Must I wait” talks about a heart that is longing and waiting for the Lord. All of his songs that follow are about the deep desire he has for finding God and wanting to give up his life to serve the Lord’s kingdom for God’s glory. The human purpose is to be servants of the God who created all the universe, to praise our Jesus Lord of Heaven. His songs profess the majesty, the beauty, and the love of Christ that he preaches to be worthy of praise. The description of the beauty of the Lord is well described in his song called, “You’re beautiful.” Here are the lyrics to this song:
I see Your face in every sunrise
The colors of the morning are inside your eyes
The world awakens in the light of the day
I look up to the sky and say
You’re beautiful
I see Your power in the moonlit night
Where planets are in motion and galaxies are bright
We are amazed in the light of the stars
It’s all proclaiming who You are
You’re beautiful, You're beautiful
I see You there hanging on a tree
You bled and then you died and then you rose again for me
Now you are sitting on Your heavenly throne
Soon we will be coming home
You’re beautiful, you're beautiful
When we arrive at eternity’s shore
Where death is just a memory and tears are no more
We’ll enter in as the wedding bells ring
Your bride will come together and we’ll sing
You’re beautiful, You're beautiful, You're beautiful
In the song, “Sailing on a Ship” Wickham describes life as a ‘sailing ship’ that will be hit by storms struggles and problems but he describes in the end of this song something that we can be hopeful for, a ‘golden shore’. Although there is evil all around us our lives are not in vain and we as believers have something to look forward to in the mean time, and that is the very constant steadfast character of Christ that will lead us to that very golden shore some day.
Phil Wickham uniquely portrays the victory Jesus has won over death and darkness in the song, “The Light will come.” It describes the truth that Jesus has overcome the night, death, and darkness but that there is still more to come, that the Light is still coming, and that it will come ultimately on the last day when Christ’s returns for the second time.
Discussion Questions:
1.) Christian Artists like Phil Wickham, Brit Nicole and Natalie Grant have become quite famous the past couple of years (if you haven't heard of any of these artists, shame on you...haha just kidding), How do you feel about the popularity 'contest' of Christian Artists, like the 'top 10 Christian singers/artists of 2009'? Is the whole idea of "GMA (Gospel Music Awards) Dove awards" becoming like "MTV's music awards"? What are the pros and cons?
2.) Some CCM artists like to make music videos that show themselves singing outside in nature with a beautiful background which, in my eyes, promotes only their own self image and nothing more. Videos like these lack the power of recording/filming images that could impact peoples hearts in a totally different way then does Brittany Spear's scandalous music videos. My question is- How do you feel about music videos like this, and do you think that their money could be used for a better cause? What do you think? Or is there a redeeming factor to videos like these?
21
21 is a great example of how the Empire is always telling us that we need more and more-what we have isn’t ever enough. Ben was drawn in by all the money he would get, the freedom he would have, the excitement of the city, and the fact that it was a chance to get away from reality. The Empire was deceptive and allowed Ben’s imagination to go where it wanted. Ben had said toward the beginning that he would just participate up until he got his $300,000 and then he would be done, but gluttony got in the way and he kept going for more and more. Pretty soon, he really wasn’t even the same person. He was neglecting his friends back home, he lied to his mom, he wouldn’t listen to his teammates, and he turned into kind of a jerk. As a result of his greediness, he ended up losing everything- all the money he won, his friends, teammates, and his pride. But like Jesus redeemed us, Ben’s friends redeemed him and helped him out even though he did not deserve it. We are often like Ben in the Empire. We get excited about all the things that the Empire offers us and then we bite off more than we can chew and we get carried away, but through the Kingdom of God we find can find redemption.
Discussion Questions:
1)Is there really anything wrong with Ben’s initial joining of the team? They weren’t really doing anything illegal…
2)What is it about the Empire that’s so attractive to us?
Wanna be a successful person, this is for you!!!
American culture is a culture of encouragement. Media, politics, family and the culture itself motivate people to believe in themselves: You can do it! In most other countries, for instance in Russia, encouragement is just a family or sometimes a church thing: if your family messed it up , you probably would have some troubles with your self-rating. The January series speaker, a positive and successful man Rich De Vos, confirms that not all Americans grow up with a strong sense of firmness: people who do not have positive thinking become hostages of the powerful empire which doesn't want people to be gentle-hearted, forgiving and less egoistic. The empire is able to form a person's character, as Rich De Vos stats in his 10 powerful phrases that can change one's life and help him to 'survive' in this world. Change yourself and change others! Almost all of those phrases are hard to say for modern people because of their high self- pride, but once you try to live according to them, the success is assured:
- I am wrong;
- I am sorry;
- You can do it;
- I believe in you;
- I am proud of you;
- Thank you;
- I need you';
- I trust you;
- I respect you;
- I love you.
I have some questions for you, guys:
- When we say these phrases in our daily life and begin to take them for granted, is it a hypocrisy?( When we end our calls saying I love you)
- Aren't people sick and tired of these phrases?
- In what spheres of a human life can these phrases be better adopted?
Family Guy
For my second blog post, I chose to watch a 1/2 hour of Family Guy on tv. The episode starts with the son, Chris, getting expelled from his school because he is too stupid. Throughout the episode Chris tries to get into multiple schools, special, military, and private, but in the end (after many jokes, gags, and hilarious scenes), Chris ends up being able to return to his old public school thanks to his grandfather who pulled some strings.
Parts of the empire can be seen in this episode, although it is hard to see them through the jokes that Family Guy puts in every other scene. When Chris goes to a large private school, attended only by insanely rich students, he is mocked, beaten up, and prejudiced against because he is poor. The rich lifestyle of the students is completely different from what he has grown up with, and therefore rejects him. For me it sort of shows how separated social systems can become, especially in America. If you don’t have an incredible amount of money, the right clothes, the perfect car, or other things like that, you do not belong until you finally do obtain those things. This is a message of the empire.
The kingdom on the other hand, is the complete opposite. Welcoming, warm, and not caring about credentials or other worldly things, the kingdom will take in anyone who is willing. Knowing this, we should not try so hard to obtain worldly things like status, power, and money, because in the end, in the kingdom, these things will mean nothing. In the empire, however, these things are everything worth living for. We should ask ourselves what worldly things we are personally trying so hard to get, and start looking at the things that really matter.
The Hurt Locker
Hurt Locker is a movie about SFC William James in the Iraq war as he works as the leader of a Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) unit, which consists of Sergeant JT Sanborn, Specialist Owen Eldridge , and himself. Through the movie we are led by James, who is a very wild and lively personality, as he leads his unit in disarming IEDs and other types of bombs, while risking their lives to do so. The film is very intense and displays graphic images of war and the effects of war on the human psyche, particularly with American troops in Iraq. The only part of the movie that I strongly disliked was the ending, where James finally gets home to his family, and he realizes that Iraq was actually a good place for him to be, so he leaves his family and goes back. If James really liked war better than his family, then that is really sickening. He is then showing preference towards an Empire type gift, and not preferring the God-given gift. The message that I received from The Hurt Locker was that is was trying to show that as long as there is war; we should find our niche within it.
While I do not think that the original intent of this movie was entirely true or righteous, there are still some lessons we can take from it. The real human purpose is to live in harmony among each other, while praising God and respecting his world that we live in. But since we are in a world that has fallen into sin, not everyone praises Goad and respects his world, as Hurt Locker attests. A major origin of evil comes from war, and we see this in Hurt Locker through some of the character’s attitudes towards war, and how it affects them personally. The Hurt Locker also shows us how the empire wants us to submit to our instincts with war, such as supporting it, and spreading it. But really what we should be doing is loving our neighbors, promoting peace, and building alliances, which is what the kingdom looks like in view of war.
1. How should major governments come up with alternatives to war?
2. What are some specific characteristics of Empire that cause/ are in support of wars? What are some characteristics of Kingdom that subvert war?